R. Craig Collins' CIA definitions

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CIA: Definitions © R. Craig Collins, 2009

to Bloom's Taxonomy
CIA: Curriculum-Instruction-Assessment

Curriculum
What the state says the outcomes should be; End-of-course Outcomes=Terminal Objectives

Instruction
How faculty guide their class toward the final outcomes, using enabling objectives.

There are two primary types of learning objectives we will be working with:

Terminal Objective: the outcome of the final product. What should the student "look like" when the course is complete?
What should they be able to do?

Enabling Objective: Defines the steps to accomplishing the terminal objective.
How is the terminal objective going to be accomplished?

Assessment
Types
Assessments can be classified in many different ways.
The most important distinctions are:

formative and summative;
objective and subjective;
referencing
- criterion-referenced,
- norm-referenced,
- and ipsative
  - where respondents compare two or more desirable options
    and pick the one which is most preferred
and informal and formal.

Formative and Summative Assessment
Summative assessment is generally carried out at the end of a group of related tasks, or at the end of a course. In an educational setting, summative assessments are typically thought of as tests, and used to assign students a grade.

Formative assessment is generally carried out throughout a course, and is used to aid learning. In an educational setting, formative assessment might be the teacher or the learner providing feedback on a student's work, and would not necessarily be used for grading purposes.

Formative assessments help identify class trouble spots, so Instruction can be revised.
TC uses a form of Formative assessment called CAT (Classroom Assessment Technique)

Bloom's Taxonomy

New version

Action verbs to illustrate level of learning:

1. Knowledge: Count, Define, Describe, Draw, Find, Identify, Label, List, Match, Name, Quote, Recall, Recite, Sequence, Tell, Write

2. Comprehension : Conclude, Demonstrate, Discuss, Explain, Generalize, Identify, Illustrate, Interpret, Paraphrase, Predict, Report, Restate, Review, Summarize, Tell

3. Application: Apply, Change, Choose, Compute, Dramatize, Interview, Prepare, Produce, Role-play, Select, Show, Transfer, Use

4. Analysis: Analyze, Characterize, Classify, Compare, Contrast, Debate, Deduce, Diagram, Differentiate, Discriminate, Distinguish, Examine, Outline, Relate, Research, Separate

5. Synthesis: compose, construct, create, design, develop, integrate, invent, make, organize, perform, plan, produce, propose, rewrite

6. Evaluation :Appraise, Argue, Assess, Choose, Conclude, Critic, Decide, Evaluate, Judge, Justify, Predict, Prioritize, Prove, Rank, Rate, Select

The new terms are defined as:

Remembering: Retrieving, recognizing, and recalling relevant knowledge from long-term memory.
Understanding: Constructing meaning from oral, written, and graphic messages through interpreting, exemplifying, classifying, summarizing, inferring, comparing, and explaining.
Applying: Carrying out or using a procedure through executing, or implementing.
Analyzing: Breaking material into constituent parts, determining how the parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose through differentiating, organizing, and attributing.
Evaluating: Making judgments based on criteria and standards through checking and critiquing.
Creating: Putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing.

(Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001, pp. 67-68)